Keratoacanthoma

What is a Keratoacanthoma?

A Keratoacanthoma is a rapidly growing, spherical skin tumor that can grow to a size of several centimeters. Although the word "tumor" sounds serious, it can be either benign or possibly less benign. Some experts compare it to squamous cell carcinoma, a malignant skin tumor, but consider it less aggressive. Others see it as a mild variant of that same carcinoma.

Despite its rapid growth, it is rarely dangerous. There is an effective treatment: removal of the Keratoacanthoma by local anesthesia and a simple scraping technique followed by electrical cauterization.

How does a Keratoacanthoma occur?

A Keratoacanthoma arises from cells of hair follicles. Sunlight damage to the DNA probably plays a role, especially on sun-exposed areas such as the face, ears, arms and hands. This usually occurs in older age (60+).

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Symptoms are obvious: within a few weeks, a round swelling develops on the skin, possibly with a horny plug in the middle. Fortunately, it does not cause pain, itching or bleeding (unless it is damaged). A dermatologist can diagnose it based on characteristics and growth rate, and possibly send tissue for microscopic examination.

Treatment and Outlook

The treatment is simple: the Keratoacanthoma is scraped away under local anesthesia and the bottom is electrically cauterized. This prevents bleeding and recurrence. A superficial wound remains after the procedure, which grows closed into an acceptable scar in a few weeks.

The outlook is positive. If the Keratoacanthoma is completely removed, it normally does not come back. Should a piece remain, it can still be removed. Eventually, the body clears away the swelling itself.